- A biographical account of Ulugh Beg, complete with additional references.www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html
- Ulugh Beg was the oldest son of Shahrukh, born in the city of Sultaniyah during his grandfather Timur's (Tamerlane's) campaign in northern Iran in 1394.faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/CA/cities/samarkand/obser.html
