Article by Jerry Balentine, DO, Medical Director, Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital. Article includes test questions and references.

Long article by by David K Swain, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser West Los Angeles Medical Center and R Kent Sargent, MD, FACEP, Associate Director, Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Traumatology, Hartford Hospital. Article includes a photograph, test questions and references.

Article by Kurt Pflieger, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Pediatrics, Titus Regional Medical Center. Article includes test questions and references.

Alert from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), September 28, 1994. The investigators of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) are reporting the interim results of a randomized controlled clinical trial of carotid endarterectomy in patients who have asymptomatic carotid stenosis of greater than 60 percent reduction in diameter.

Aortic Stenosis is defined as subtotal obstruction in the channel of left ventricular outflow. It occurs as three types: valvular (85%), subvalvular (10%), and supravalvular (5%).

A still echocardiogram of a patient with aortic stenosis.