The Free Expression Clearinghouse, a guide to First Amendment and Free SpeechIssues on the Web.

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An FAQ that refutes claims that there is a ...

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THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS by James C. Goodale James C. Goodale served as general counsel to The New York Times when the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the Times could continue to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers. In the following article, Goodale describes several Supreme Court cases in which First Amendment rights have been upheld, allowing the press to pursue its ...

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This page includes materials relating to the controversy surrounding the Nineteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution.

Hard Disks, Encryption and the Fifth Amendment Norma Acosta Self Incrimination and Cryptographic When does public security come before fifth amendment rights the Department of Justice's Federal Guidelines for Searching and Seizing Computers . Encryption and the Fifth Amendment Introduction Modern cryptography can make it virtually impossible to decipher documents without the cryptographic ...

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The Legal Term * Tenth Amendment * Defined & Explained ...

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Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents | Feedback | Search | DRCNet Home Page | Join DRCNet DRCNet Library | Schaffer Library | Major Studies | Wickersham Commission Report NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LAW OBSERVANCE AND ENFORCEMENT REPORT ON THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROHIBITION LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES DATED JANUARY 7, 1931 NATIONAL PROHIBITION 1 THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT ...

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Eighteenth Amendment--Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors ] PROHIBITION OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS __________ EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof ...

Seventh Amendment--Civil Trials ] SEVENTH AMENDMENT __________ CIVIL TRIALS __________ CONTENTS Page Trial by Jury in Civil Cases.............................. 1451 The Right and the Characteristics of the Civil Jury....... 1451 History........................................... 1451 Composition and Functions of Civil Jury........... 1452 Courts in Which the Guarantee Applies............. 1453 ...

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Nineteenth Amendment--Women's Suffrage Rights ] WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE RIGHTS __________ NINETEENTH AMENDMENT Section 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE The Amendment was adopted after a ...

Thirteenth Amendment--Slavery and Involuntary Servitude ] THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT __________ SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE __________ CONTENTS Page Abolition of Slavery...................................... 1551 Origin and Purpose........................................ 1551 Peonage................................................... 1555 Situations in Which the Amendment Is Inapplicable.........

The thirteenth amendment Thirty-Eighth Congress of the United States of America; At the - Second Session, Begun and held at the City of Washington, on Monday, the fifth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. A RESOLUTION Submitting to the legislatures of the several States a proposition to amend the Constitution of the United States. Resolved by the Senate and House of ...

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Amendment I (1791) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendment II (1791) A well regulated militia, being ...

Fifteenth Amendment--Rights of Citizens to Vote ] FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT __________ RIGHT OF CITIZENS TO VOTE __________ CONTENTS Page Abolition of Suffrage Qualifications on Basis of Race..... 1939 Adoption and Judicial Enforcement......................... 1939 Adoption.......................................... 1939 The Judicial View of the Amendment................ 1940 Grandfather Clauses........

Ninth Amendment--Unenumerated Rights ] NINTH AMENDMENT __________ UNENUMERATED RIGHTS ] The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. RIGHTS RETAINED BY THE PEOPLE Aside from contending that a bill of rights was unnecessary, the Federalists responded to those opposing ratification of the Constitution because of ...

Seventeenth Amendment--Popular Election of Senators ] POPULAR ELECTION OF SENATORS __________ SEVENTEENTH AMENDMENT Clause 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous ...

Sixth Amendment--Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions ] SIXTH AMENDMENT __________ RIGHTS OF ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS __________ CONTENTS Page Criminal Prosecutions..................................... 1399 Coverage.................................................. 1399 Offenses Against the United States................ 1400 Right to a Speedy and Public Trial........................

The Third Amendment: Forgotten but not Gone ...

Twelfth Amendment--Election of President ] TWELFTH AMENDMENT __________ ELECTION OF PRESIDENT The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President and in distinct ballots the person voted for as ...

Twenty-First Amendment--Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment ] TWENTY-FIRST AMENDMENT __________ REPEAL OF THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in ...

The Legal Term * Eighth Amendment * Defined & Explained ...

Eighth Amendment--Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases ] EIGHTH AMENDMENT __________ FURTHER GUARANTEES IN CRIMINAL CASES __________ CONTENTS Page Excessive Bail............................................ 1467 Excessive Fines........................................... 1471 Cruel and Unusual Punishments............................. 1472 Style of Interpretation...................................

Sixteenth Amendment--Income Tax ] SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT __________ INCOME TAX __________ CONTENTS Page Income Tax................................................ 1953 History and Purpose of the Amendment...................... 1953 Income Subject to Taxation................................ 1954 Corporate Dividends: When Taxable................. 1955 Corporate Earnings: When Taxable..................

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Tenth Amendment--Reserved Powers ] TENTH AMENDMENT __________ RESERVED POWERS __________ CONTENTS Page Reserved Powers........................................... 1509 Scope and Purpose......................................... 1509 Effect of Provision on Federal Powers..................... 1510 Federal Taxing Powers............................. 1510 Federal Police Power............................

Twenty-Fifth Amendment--Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability ] TWENTY-FIFTH AMENDMENT __________ PRESIDENTIAL VACANCY, DISABILITY, AND INABILITY Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate ...

Twenty-Fourth Amendment--Abolition of the Poll Tax Qualification in Federal Elections ] TWENTY-FOURTH AMENDMENT __________ ABOLITION OF THE POLL TAX QUALIFICATION IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in ...

A report on the Harvard College Administrative Board.

Eleventh Amendment--Suits Against States ] ELEVENTH AMENDMENT __________ SUITS AGAINST STATES __________ CONTENTS Page State Immunity............................................ 1521 Purpose and Early Interpretation.......................... 1521 Expansion of the Immunity of the States........... 1525 The Nature of the States' Immunity........................ 1527 Suits Against States............

May 5, 2001 Fifth Amendment Review By Howard Hobbs, J.D., Ph.D., Dean PALO ALTO -- The Fifth Amendment guarantees that no American shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. This basic right is under attack in Senate Crime Bill, S.3, sponsored by Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole (R-KS) and Senate Judiciary CommitteeChairman Orrin Hatch (R-UT). Section 507(a)(1) of ...

Fourteenth Amendment--Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection ] FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT __________ RIGHTS GUARANTEED PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF CITIZENSHIP, DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION __________ CONTENTS Page Section 1. Rights Guaranteed.............................. 1565 Citizens of the United States............................. 1565 ...

The Thirteenth Amendment The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, abolished slavery as a legal institution. The Constitution, although never mentioning slavery by name, refers to slaves as such persons in Article I, Section 9 and a person held to service or labor in ...

Twentieth Amendment--Terms of President, Vice President, Members of Congress: Presidential Vacancy ] TWENTIETH AMENDMENT __________ COMMENCEMENT OF THE TERMS OF THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, ETC. Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of ...

Twenty-Second Amendment--Presidential Tenure ] TWENTY-SECOND AMENDMENT __________ PRESIDENTIAL TENURE Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more ...

Twenty-Seventh Amendment--Congressional Pay Limitation ] TWENTY-SEVENTH AMENDMENT __________ CONGRESSIONAL PAY LIMITATION No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. REGULATING CONGRESSIONAL PAY Referred to the state legislatures at the same time as those proposals that ...

Twenty-Sixth Amendment--Reduction of Voting Age Qualification ] TWENTY-SIXTH AMENDMENT __________ REDUCTION OF VOTING AGE QUALIFICATION Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by ...

Twenty-Third Amendment--Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia ] TWENTY-THIRD AMENDMENT __________ PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and ...

Summary of Fourth Amendment Rights - Thomas H. Roberts & Associates, P.C., Civil Rights Trial Lawyers.

The Legal Term * Sixth Amendment * Defined & Explained ...