The Mariner Mars Missions Mariner 4 Spacecraft Specifications Mariner 4 images Detailed Information on the Spacecraft, Experiments, and Data Sets Introduction Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to obtain and transmit close range images of Mars. After its launch on November 28, 1964 and a journey of hundreds of millions of kilometers, Mariner 4 passed within 9844 kilometers of Mars on July 14, ...

Mariner IV - First Flyby of Mars Some personal experiences Bill Momsen This is the story of Mariner IV, the world's first mission to the planet Mars. Among many important discoveries, it consigned the canal theory to limbo. A description of the mission and spacecraft is augmented by the author's personal experiences while associated with this historic undertaking. (illustrated) Early ...

Mariner 9 to Mars Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center The 1971 Mariner Mars mission was planned to consist of two spacecraft on complementary missions, but due to the failure of Mariner 8 to launch properly, only one spacecraft was available. Mariner 9 combined mission objectives of both Mariner 8 (mapping 70% of the Martian surface) and Mariner 9 (a study of temporal changes ...

Mariners 6 & 7 to Mars Courtesy of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and NASA's National Space Science Data Center Mariners 6 and 7 were designed to fly over the equator and southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Both spacecraft were attitude stabilized in three axes (referenced to the Sun and the star, Canopus). They were solar powered and capable of continuous telemetry transmission. They were ...

Mariner 4 Courtesy of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and NASA's National Space Science Data Center Mariner 4 was the fourth in a series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of the planet Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth. Mariner 4 gave scientists their first glimpse of Mars at close range, passing ...